As the Supreme Court prepares to hear arguments in a case that could establish a nationwide right to same-sex marriage later this year, several states from Georgia to Utah are considering bills that would allow individuals and businesses to refuse to serve gay couples on religious grounds.

Despite opposition from many large companies worried about the impact on the business climate, state legislatures are pressing forward. In the essays below, the Rev. Dwight Longenecker and author Donna Carol Voss make the case for and against such measures.